Break Down — Michael Landy (2001)
For five minutes, in 2001, Michael Landy could say he had made the most interesting artwork in the world. He had destroyed every single one of his 7,227 belongings over a two week period as a performance in an empty shop on Oxford Street.
For those five minutes he was a 37 year old man who owned nothing at all except for the blue boiler suit he was wearing. And then someone gave him a Paul Weller CD.
No one can force you to accept a gift, but by accepting the gift, he also destroyed his own work.
*this was his father’s sheepskin coat — and this puts the work into perspective for me. apart from the affective allusions (the father, the coat, the mantle from the parable of the prodigal son) this is a perfectly good coat which would keep someone warm who doesn’t have a coat.
and so ‘break down’ reveals itself as a cynical and ego-centric exercise. why not give away all your possessions instead? it would be easier to find someone who would accept a gift of saab than a bit of mouldy plastic that had fallen off a VCR, but that would be part of the work.*
below you’ll find what is in essence an article from the BBC which, using my own non-artificial intelligence, such as it is, i hacked a bit to make it a little less naff but link to the original article which includes some pictures, of some of the possessions he destroyed.
The idea was simple but executing it was surprisingly complex. Landy teamed up with Artangel, a non-profit arts organisation, which specialises in realising extraordinary one-off projects with contemporary artists.
Three years later, in 2001, having compiled an exhaustive inventory of his belongings that ran to 7,227 items, he found himself standing in an empty shop in Oxford Street in central London. Before him, in yellow trays placed upon a conveyor belt, were the belongings that he had amassed over his 37 years, destined for landfill.
During the course of two weeks, every single one — clothes, love letters, artworks, his Saab 900 Turbo car, even his father’s sheepskin coat — was stripped, shredded, crushed, dismantled, or otherwise destroyed by Landy and his team of 12 assistants, while listening to David Bowie and Joy Division. When they had finished, the artist owned nothing at all, apart from the blue boiler suit he had been wearing throughout. He called the project Break Down.
“It was the happiest two weeks of my life,” Landy told me recently, speaking shortly after the opening of Out of Order, his raucous mid-career retrospective at the Museum Tinguely in Basel, which features ample documentation of Break Down. “At moments, admittedly, I felt like I was witnessing my own death, because people I hadn’t seen for years would turn up, and I thought, ‘Well, they’d only turn up for my funeral.’ But often I did feel real elation. No one had ever destroyed all their worldly belongings before.”
“We see artworks through the prism of our current concerns,” explains James Lingwood, co-director of Artangel, who commissioned Break Down. “The insistent pressures on people to consume have become more and more present in our culture, and there is an increasing feeling of discomfort about how alienating these pressures can be. Michael, through Break Down, put his finger on a deeply troubling part of our contemporary condition.”
At the time, though, the reaction to Break Down was ambivalent. It was staged in a former branch of the Dutch fashion chain C&A (the same building now houses a branch of low-cost clothing retailer Primark). “That was the perfect place for it,” Landy says, “because it wasn’t set in an art gallery but a place where people go to consume.” Moreover, because it took place on Oxford Street, the “mecca of consumerism” in Britain, as Lingwood puts it, people wandered in unaware that they were about to encounter contemporary art. At first, they assumed that they had entered some kind of sale. According to Landy, one or two “little old ladies” even brought back clothes that they had bought in C&A’s closing-down sale. But as observers watched Landy’s possessions going past on mechanised rollers, and saw all the stuff being smashed up, they were, says Lingwood, “deeply unsettled — and sometimes appalled”.
Why appalled? “Well,” he replies, “it’s not very difficult, for many people, to witness the destruction of household objects such as crockery. But to see the destruction of personal mementoes, letters, photographs, works of art — that is deeply disturbing.”
As a result, even when the venue contained thousands of visitors, the mood was often sombre, as people began to think about their own relationships with possessions and objects. On one level, Break Down was a kind of bonfire of the vanities for the 21st Century, excoriating the waste and excess of the West. “In a sense, the message was: where are we heading?” Landy explains. “The more stuff people have, the more successful we perceive them to be — but if we all end up with 7,227 things, then we won’t have a planet.”
There was something exhilarating about seeing somebody liberating themselves from the tyranny of ownership — James Lingwood In addition, Break Down functioned as a contemporary memento mori: all of us, to differing degrees, use possessions to construct our identities and project ourselves to others — yet here was a man wilfully obliterating his material existence to the point of total annihilation.
At the same time, says Lingwood, “There was something exhilarating about seeing somebody liberating themselves from the tyranny of ownership. The work pointed in two directions — and perhaps that’s where its genius lay.”
Indeed, Lingwood believes that Break Down wasn’t “simply a frontal attack on consumerism, but something a bit more complex — about the relationship between who we are and what we possess and desire. Of course, Break Down was about Western society’s obsession with stuff and ownership. But it was also about a more existential question, which was: who am I?”
Landy, himself, says that Break Down was partly a self-portrait: the title even played on the idea of the artist experiencing a midlife crisis. The inventory that he prepared for it, which assigned catalogue numbers to each of his possessions, and took more than a year to compile, is currently on display in the form of a gigantic list on a wall in the Museum Tinguely. Landy was adamant that he had to include “everything I owned — even bits of mouldy plastic that had fallen off the VCR”. Accordingly, his index includes tedious tallies of mundane objects including matchboxes, wire wool, toilet roll, and plastic bags.
But, here and there, intimate, and sometimes tongue-in-cheek, allusions to Landy’s relationships with lovers and friends can be found. Item R3356, for instance, was a “handwritten note” to his partner, the artist Gillian Wearing, “asking her not to leave towels on [the] bathroom floor”. R3409, meanwhile, was his fine-art degree thesis that the artist Abigail Lane, an ex-girlfriend, and fellow student at Goldsmiths art school in east London, “was paid £100.00 to write on his behalf”.
Landy spent a long time considering how he should destroy his possessions: “I didn’t want someone just to set about it all with a baseball bat,” he says, “or set the whole thing on fire, like a funeral pyre.” In the end, he decided to mock up a materials reclamation facility, with “dismantling bays” and 100m of conveyor belt arranged in a figure of eight, “like a Scalextric set”. That way, he says, “People could actually see what was in these little yellow trays for about 10 minutes as they travelled around the belt.”
When it was all over, Landy quickly discovered that consumerism was unavoidable: “Within about five minutes,” he says, “someone had given me a Paul Weller CD.” He laughs. “Obviously, I didn’t have a CD player to play it on.”
But, he continues, he never promised to remove himself from society altogether, in the manner of Christian saints, such as Francis of Assisi, who renounced worldly goods. “It is a very human characteristic to possess things,” Landy says. “Having things, creating things — that’s partly what makes us human. Besides, Break Down was a work of art, not a way of life.”